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The major field radio of the Vietnam War was the A. N. / P. R. C. 25. It weighed 23.5 pounds or 10.6 kilos.
The radio was tough and would easily survive a 50 foot fall from a helicopter onto a metal-planked runway. It could be completely submerged in water for an hour, and still work. It could be battery powered for use as a backpack radio, or it could be plugged into an external power source for use in a vehicle or a helicopter. For infantry use, one per platoon, it was issued with its own pack frame.
The radio's weak point was the communications handset. The handset could simply not get wet. In a wet, humid, country like Vietnam, this was a serious problem. The usual way to deal with this was to put the handset inside the clear plastic bag, tied in place with a rubber band. For all that, the microphone was fairly sensitive and could even be whispered into.
The radio had a transmission range, with the short antenna, of about 3 to 4 miles or up to 5 kilometres, but various terrain factors could influence this. The long range antenna was supposed to be good for up to 18 miles or 29 kilometres.
The battery was good for about a day of casual operation, listening mostly, some occasional transmissions. In a period of intense use, transmitting/receiving all the time, it was good for perhaps 2 to 3 hours. When expended, the battery pack had to be physically destroyed. Inside were flashlight-type batteries which the Viet Cong could use in booby traps. Spare batteries were carried by the operator and others spread through the infantry platoon
...more
The radio was tough and would easily survive a 50 foot fall from a helicopter onto a metal-planked runway. It could be completely submerged in water for an hour, and still work. It could be battery powered for use as a backpack radio, or it could be plugged into an external power source for use in a vehicle or a helicopter. For infantry use, one per platoon, it was issued with its own pack frame.
The radio's weak point was the communications handset. The handset could simply not get wet. In a wet, humid, country like Vietnam, this was a serious problem. The usual way to deal with this was to put the handset inside the clear plastic bag, tied in place with a rubber band. For all that, the microphone was fairly sensitive and could even be whispered into.
The radio had a transmission range, with the short antenna, of about 3 to 4 miles or up to 5 kilometres, but various terrain factors could influence this. The long range antenna was supposed to be good for up to 18 miles or 29 kilometres.
The battery was good for about a day of casual operation, listening mostly, some occasional transmissions. In a period of intense use, transmitting/receiving all the time, it was good for perhaps 2 to 3 hours. When expended, the battery pack had to be physically destroyed. Inside were flashlight-type batteries which the Viet Cong could use in booby traps. Spare batteries were carried by the operator and others spread through the infantry platoon
"A love of wine, a little bit of research, a good deal of naivety and a hell of a lot of hard work led to the establishment of Amherst Winery when Norman and Elizabeth Jones planted the 2ha “Dunn’s Paddock” Shiraz vineyard in 1989. This was followed by 1.5ha of Cabernet Sauvignon and .5ha of Chardonnay in 1998. Amherst Winery is located 20km southeast of Avoca in Western Victoria’s beautiful Pyrenees Wine Region. The land at Amherst, an old gold field, had been farmed by Norms’ grandparents and great grandparents. When the opportunity arose to purchase some of this land in the 1970s he jumped at the chance of holding on to some of the family’s rural heritage. The business is now owned and operated by the second generation of vigneron at Amherst, Luke Jones. He carries on the tradition of high quality, small batch wine making."
https://amherstwinery.com/about/
The M16 rifle used in the Vietnam war was a Colt-manufactured adaptation of the AR-15 rifle, produced by ArmaLite. The M16 was often called an ‘Armalite’. The rifle was adapted for semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. It entered United States Army service and was deployed for jungle warfare operations in South Vietnam in 1963, becoming the U.S. military's standard service rifle of the Vietnam War by 1969.
The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle, made of steel, aluminum alloy, composite plastics and polymer materials.
In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army standardized an upgrade of the first issue as the M16A1 rifle, an M16 with a forward assist feature, to counter the bolt jamming, and other improvements requested by the Army. The first M16s were issued in 1965 and the modified improved M16A1 in 1967
This version remained the primary infantry rifle of U.S. forces in South Vietnam until the end of direct U.S. ground involvement in 1973. They were also issued to Australian forces, especially for forward scouts and radio operators.
They weighed only 4 kilograms fully loaded, held a 20 or 30 round magazine and had an effective range of about 500 metres.
...more
The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle, made of steel, aluminum alloy, composite plastics and polymer materials.
In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army standardized an upgrade of the first issue as the M16A1 rifle, an M16 with a forward assist feature, to counter the bolt jamming, and other improvements requested by the Army. The first M16s were issued in 1965 and the modified improved M16A1 in 1967
This version remained the primary infantry rifle of U.S. forces in South Vietnam until the end of direct U.S. ground involvement in 1973. They were also issued to Australian forces, especially for forward scouts and radio operators.
They weighed only 4 kilograms fully loaded, held a 20 or 30 round magazine and had an effective range of about 500 metres.
Author90
Known for juxtaposing elements of soul, RnB and jazz into energetic and captivating music
Australian vocalist and composer, Alyson Murray, is known for juxtaposing elements of soul, RnB and jazz into energetic and captivating music. Alyson has built her career on the foundations of a strong musical education. At the young age of 16, Alyson received an Outstanding Potential Award from the Australian Girls Choir (AGC), where she was also selected to preform in The Boy From Oz, Hugh Jackman production in Melbourne, and many other public performances including several Australian Football league Grand Final pre entertainment performances and the ‘I Still Call Australia Home’ Qantas advertisement.
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The Allgas Building, a two-storeyed building in what was formerly central Stanley Street, was erected in 1885 for the drapery and outfitting firm of Allan & Stark. It was built during the peak of South Brisbane commercial development and the reconstruction of Stanley Street premises, and was a reflection of boom era confidence.
Along with a number of prominent South Brisbane firms, Allan & Stark moved across the river to higher ground after the disastrous floods of 1893. Caledonian House was leased to the Queensland National Bank as a branch office [301 Stanley Street] in August 1897, and the South Brisbane Gas & Light Co. Ltd sub-leased a section [305 Stanley Street] from October 1897.
In 1909 the QNB purchased the building for £2,500, with the South Brisbane Gas & Light Co. maintaining its office and showroom there.
Alterations, including changes to the street frontage, were carried out in 1931 under architects Hall and Phillips, and included the erection of an awning and alterations to the shop front. The building was again extended in 1942.
In 1943 the branch was closed as a war time economy, and 301 Stanley Street was leased to shirt and pyjama manufacturer Alfred Portrate until 1949.
The corner premises were reoccupied by maintenance staff of the National Bank of Australasia in 1949. In 1965 it was purchased by the South Brisbane Gas & Light Co. Ltd [Allgas Energy Ltd from 1971].
In 1984 the building was resumed by the Expo Authority, renamed Central House, and functioned once again as a bank during World Expo '88. It also housed the Picasso Restaurant.
The building was again refurbished in 1991 as part of the Southbank redevelopment, and now operates as an administration centre.
Little remains of the original interior of the building. Externally, the northern facade remains intact above ground floor; the ground floor facade has been modified a number of times throughout the life of the building.
ARTICLE FOR TESTING 1
The ANZAC Memorial, completed in 1934, is of historical significance to the State for its embodiment of the collective grief of the people of NSW at the loss of Australian servicemen and women since World War I. It is associated with the landing of Australian troops at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. The Memorial is a principal physical focal point in the axis joining it and the Pool of Reflection with the Archibald Fountain in Hyde Park north.
The memorial is adorned externally with many sculptures representing the various Australian armed forces and support units. They are the sentinels of the building, keeping watch whilst representing the fallen for whom the building is dedicated. Between the seated figures in each corner are cast stone bas reliefs. The four large standing figures at the top of each corner of the building represent the Australian Infantry, Navy, Air Force and Army Medical Corps. Another 16 seated figures are positioned at the top of the buttresses, below the corner figures, and represent the various units. These statues include a Naval Signaller, Aviator, Nurse and Lewis Gunner fabricated from cast stone to resemble the granite facing of the building 'so they should have the effect of having been hewn out of the moment rather than placed thereon'. Above the Eastern and Western Entrances, bronze bas reliefs depict scenes of Australians in the Eastern and Western Fronts.
The Hall of Silence located in the centre of the building is striking in its starkness and wields a powerful influence on visitors. The sculpture 'Sacrifice' is located at its centre, as if to hold the sculpture in its embrace. The ceiling of the room curves up toward the carved marble banister that defines the 'Well of Contemplation', a large circular opening in the centre of the shallow domed ceiling. This opening provides the only natural lighting to the 'Hall of Silence' and has the effect of focussing that light onto the central sculpture.
At the heart of the memorial is the bronze sculpture, 'Sacrifice', by Rayner Hoff. It symbolises the sacrifice made in times of war by both those who go to fight and those left behind.
The 'Hall of Memory' occupies the podium level of the building centred on and located directly above the 'Hall of Silence'. Located in the four 'corners' of the room are semi-circular 'Niches of Remembrance', each devoted to one of the major theatres of World War I in which Australians fought, and each commemorating the names of major campaigns in those theatres. The name of the theatre is carved in relief into the face of the marble wall at the top of each niche with the names of the battles beneath it. At the base of each niche, laid in the paving is a headstone from Flanders, Gallipoli, Palestine and New Guinea.
Above the tall niches are marble cast bas reliefs by Rayner Hoff that represent the Army, Navy, Air Force and Army Medical Corps and therefore correspond to the four large standing external sculptures. Hoff called them 'The March of the Dead'. Above all this is the high soaring dome of the ceiling covered with 120,000 stars, one for every man and woman in New South Wales who served in the Great War, made of plaster of paris and painted gold leaf.
To the east is the Remembrance Flame Room, originally the Archives Room and intended to list the names of those 21,000 New South Wales men and women who died serving their county in the Great War. Over the doorway is carved 1914, 1918 and above that is a winged flaming sword (a symbol of sacrifice) over a rising sun emblem. The room holds the Remembrance Flame that was first officially lit on the 11th of November 1995. The Great Doors to the room are left open to keep the flame exposed to view at all times.
The exhibition space occupies the southern office area. Items displayed in the museum collection were donated by the public and include personal letters, medals, books, diaries, uniforms, souvenirs, relics and banners relating to the various c
...more
The memorial is adorned externally with many sculptures representing the various Australian armed forces and support units. They are the sentinels of the building, keeping watch whilst representing the fallen for whom the building is dedicated. Between the seated figures in each corner are cast stone bas reliefs. The four large standing figures at the top of each corner of the building represent the Australian Infantry, Navy, Air Force and Army Medical Corps. Another 16 seated figures are positioned at the top of the buttresses, below the corner figures, and represent the various units. These statues include a Naval Signaller, Aviator, Nurse and Lewis Gunner fabricated from cast stone to resemble the granite facing of the building 'so they should have the effect of having been hewn out of the moment rather than placed thereon'. Above the Eastern and Western Entrances, bronze bas reliefs depict scenes of Australians in the Eastern and Western Fronts.
The Hall of Silence located in the centre of the building is striking in its starkness and wields a powerful influence on visitors. The sculpture 'Sacrifice' is located at its centre, as if to hold the sculpture in its embrace. The ceiling of the room curves up toward the carved marble banister that defines the 'Well of Contemplation', a large circular opening in the centre of the shallow domed ceiling. This opening provides the only natural lighting to the 'Hall of Silence' and has the effect of focussing that light onto the central sculpture.
At the heart of the memorial is the bronze sculpture, 'Sacrifice', by Rayner Hoff. It symbolises the sacrifice made in times of war by both those who go to fight and those left behind.
The 'Hall of Memory' occupies the podium level of the building centred on and located directly above the 'Hall of Silence'. Located in the four 'corners' of the room are semi-circular 'Niches of Remembrance', each devoted to one of the major theatres of World War I in which Australians fought, and each commemorating the names of major campaigns in those theatres. The name of the theatre is carved in relief into the face of the marble wall at the top of each niche with the names of the battles beneath it. At the base of each niche, laid in the paving is a headstone from Flanders, Gallipoli, Palestine and New Guinea.
Above the tall niches are marble cast bas reliefs by Rayner Hoff that represent the Army, Navy, Air Force and Army Medical Corps and therefore correspond to the four large standing external sculptures. Hoff called them 'The March of the Dead'. Above all this is the high soaring dome of the ceiling covered with 120,000 stars, one for every man and woman in New South Wales who served in the Great War, made of plaster of paris and painted gold leaf.
To the east is the Remembrance Flame Room, originally the Archives Room and intended to list the names of those 21,000 New South Wales men and women who died serving their county in the Great War. Over the doorway is carved 1914, 1918 and above that is a winged flaming sword (a symbol of sacrifice) over a rising sun emblem. The room holds the Remembrance Flame that was first officially lit on the 11th of November 1995. The Great Doors to the room are left open to keep the flame exposed to view at all times.
The exhibition space occupies the southern office area. Items displayed in the museum collection were donated by the public and include personal letters, medals, books, diaries, uniforms, souvenirs, relics and banners relating to the various c
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Mita Sysop
On June 24, the Port Phillip Planning Committee released its 97-page report on an application for the construction of a 10-story building with 119 apartments, retail stores including food and beverage outlets, a wellness center, gym and a reduction in car parking requirements. . The location at 1-7 Waterfront Place, Port Melbourne, has a major Beach Street frontage.
The report is an interesting read because of the breadth of considerations, objections, and the Planning Officer's responses and conclusion methodology. I will let you, the reader, who are probably local to this development, draw your own conclusions regarding two issues that stand out:
- The Planning Officer conclusion regarding parking: and
- The Planning Officer process for completion regarding shadows.
Parking lot
The report says: “ The development is not considered to have a significant impact on the road network . The development would provide parking spaces in excess of the Planning Plan requirements. However, due to the way parking would be allocated (no parking would be allocated to commercial use customers), a parking exemption is requested for the customer component of the parking requirements . The parking exemption is well justified and is not considered to result in undue off-site impacts. ”2.10, page 2
After reading this report, I visited Bay St, Port Melbourne. Bay St is one of Port Melbourne's jewels, with bustling retail. It is very clear that retail stores on Bay St require parking spots for their customers and due to the popularity of the strip it can sometimes be difficult to find a place to park a car.
It is difficult to reconcile the council's position that the commercial facilities at Waterfront Place do not require additional car parking (page 49). The report states that retail outlets will only serve users who are " normally already in the area , rather than driving to the Site ." Does this mean walking distance from your home? One must wonder if future retail tenants will be willing to pay significant commercial rents in an area that only serves the population of the building and residents within walking distance. Hopefully this will not result in non-rented retail stores that will bring a ghost town feel to this new development.
It is also puzzling that the city council claims that visitor parking permits will not be required and therefore will not be available for any of the 119 homes (page 15 Permit Notes): " Owners and occupants of new homes allowed by this permit will not be eligible for Council resident or visitor parking permits . "
Furthermore, and more importantly, it appears that the developer is not required to provide for visitor parking. One can only assume that the Planning Officer is of the opinion that all residents will have a very limited social life and no caregiver will attend to their needs.
Darkness
The requirement for this building is that "The development must minimize shadowing beyond the South Waterfront curb line " (Requirement B8, page 75).
The Planning Officer response to the proposed design is:
- "A detailed assessment in terms of winter shadows is provided in section 13.4 of the Report; ultimately they are considered acceptable." (page 52)
- First, it is noted that the requirement is discretionary , indicating that development should minimize overshadowing. Second, whether the shadows are 'minimized' is ultimately a matter of judgment. It is clear, based on planning controls, that a 10-story development that provides medium to high density housing has been contemplated for the Site, it is within this context that the term 'minimized' should be considered. (B8, page 70-71)
- Also, it must be recognized that some level of shading is unavoidable in any development , particularly one that is 10 stories high (B8, page 70-71).
For this observer, the reasoning offered by the Planning Officer (in bold) does not contribute to the veracity of the conclusion reached by the Planning Officer.
As is common in planning applications, often the most sensible observations come from the general public. One astute objector responded: “... He reiterated concerns related to winter shadows. Also, the bike and pedestrian trails along Waterfront Place are predominantly in the shade between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. on the June solstice, this is not consistent with the DDO requirements. … "(Public Notice / Objections, page 52)
So what did the planning officer recommend?
Planning officer recommendation
RECOMMENDATION PART A, page 3
"3.2 That the Responsible Authority, having made the request public and having received and noted the objections, issue a Notice of Decision to Grant a Permit".
"3.3 That a Permit Grant Decision Notice be issued for the use and development of the land, to carry out works and build a 10-story mixed-use building on two basement levels, on a shared podium and arrangement of two towers, comprised of housing, retail (store, food and beverage outlets, wellness center), a restricted recreation facility (gym), and a reduction in car parking requirements at 1 & 7 Waterfront Place, Port Melbourne. "
The recommendation leaves one scratching their head, wondering if common sense has abandoned the city hall buildings. I parked my car outside the future 1-7 Waterfront Place site and enjoyed the sunshine one last time, before parking was no longer available and the sun was blocked by another large development that lines major real estate. from Melbourne.
Note : Page references cite PDF page numbers, not page numbers that are displayed at the bottom right of the document.
Author's Note: The Planning Officer responses cited and referenced above are just a subset of his considerations detailed in the 97-page report.
The major field radio of the Vietnam War was the A. N. / P. R. C. 25. It weighed 23.5 pounds or 10.6 kilos.
The radio was tough and would easily survive a 50 foot fall from a helicopter onto a metal-planked runway. It could be completely submerged in water for an hour, and still work. It could be battery powered for use as a backpack radio, or it could be plugged into an external power source for use in a vehicle or a helicopter. For infantry use, one per platoon, it was issued with its own pack frame.
The radio's weak point was the communications handset. The handset could simply not get wet. In a wet, humid, country like Vietnam, this was a serious problem. The usual way to deal with this was to put the handset inside the clear plastic bag, tied in place with a rubber band. For all that, the microphone was fairly sensitive and could even be whispered into.
The radio had a transmission range, with the short antenna, of about 3 to 4 miles or up to 5 kilometres, but various terrain factors could influence this. The long range antenna was supposed to be good for up to 18 miles or 29 kilometres.
The battery was good for about a day of casual operation, listening mostly, some occasional transmissions. In a period of intense use, transmitting/receiving all the time, it was good for perhaps 2 to 3 hours. When expended, the battery pack had to be physically destroyed. Inside were flashlight-type batteries which the Viet Cong could use in booby traps. Spare batteries were carried by the operator and others spread through the infantry platoon
...more
The radio was tough and would easily survive a 50 foot fall from a helicopter onto a metal-planked runway. It could be completely submerged in water for an hour, and still work. It could be battery powered for use as a backpack radio, or it could be plugged into an external power source for use in a vehicle or a helicopter. For infantry use, one per platoon, it was issued with its own pack frame.
The radio's weak point was the communications handset. The handset could simply not get wet. In a wet, humid, country like Vietnam, this was a serious problem. The usual way to deal with this was to put the handset inside the clear plastic bag, tied in place with a rubber band. For all that, the microphone was fairly sensitive and could even be whispered into.
The radio had a transmission range, with the short antenna, of about 3 to 4 miles or up to 5 kilometres, but various terrain factors could influence this. The long range antenna was supposed to be good for up to 18 miles or 29 kilometres.
The battery was good for about a day of casual operation, listening mostly, some occasional transmissions. In a period of intense use, transmitting/receiving all the time, it was good for perhaps 2 to 3 hours. When expended, the battery pack had to be physically destroyed. Inside were flashlight-type batteries which the Viet Cong could use in booby traps. Spare batteries were carried by the operator and others spread through the infantry platoon
"A love of wine, a little bit of research, a good deal of naivety and a hell of a lot of hard work led to the establishment of Amherst Winery when Norman and Elizabeth Jones planted the 2ha “Dunn’s Paddock” Shiraz vineyard in 1989. This was followed by 1.5ha of Cabernet Sauvignon and .5ha of Chardonnay in 1998. Amherst Winery is located 20km southeast of Avoca in Western Victoria’s beautiful Pyrenees Wine Region. The land at Amherst, an old gold field, had been farmed by Norms’ grandparents and great grandparents. When the opportunity arose to purchase some of this land in the 1970s he jumped at the chance of holding on to some of the family’s rural heritage. The business is now owned and operated by the second generation of vigneron at Amherst, Luke Jones. He carries on the tradition of high quality, small batch wine making."
https://amherstwinery.com/about/
The M16 rifle used in the Vietnam war was a Colt-manufactured adaptation of the AR-15 rifle, produced by ArmaLite. The M16 was often called an ‘Armalite’. The rifle was adapted for semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. It entered United States Army service and was deployed for jungle warfare operations in South Vietnam in 1963, becoming the U.S. military's standard service rifle of the Vietnam War by 1969.
The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle, made of steel, aluminum alloy, composite plastics and polymer materials.
In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army standardized an upgrade of the first issue as the M16A1 rifle, an M16 with a forward assist feature, to counter the bolt jamming, and other improvements requested by the Army. The first M16s were issued in 1965 and the modified improved M16A1 in 1967
This version remained the primary infantry rifle of U.S. forces in South Vietnam until the end of direct U.S. ground involvement in 1973. They were also issued to Australian forces, especially for forward scouts and radio operators.
They weighed only 4 kilograms fully loaded, held a 20 or 30 round magazine and had an effective range of about 500 metres.
...more
The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle, made of steel, aluminum alloy, composite plastics and polymer materials.
In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army standardized an upgrade of the first issue as the M16A1 rifle, an M16 with a forward assist feature, to counter the bolt jamming, and other improvements requested by the Army. The first M16s were issued in 1965 and the modified improved M16A1 in 1967
This version remained the primary infantry rifle of U.S. forces in South Vietnam until the end of direct U.S. ground involvement in 1973. They were also issued to Australian forces, especially for forward scouts and radio operators.
They weighed only 4 kilograms fully loaded, held a 20 or 30 round magazine and had an effective range of about 500 metres.
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